Application Of Thermal Methods For Heavy Oil Recovery: Phase One
In this study, an integrated research review is conducted to figure out the possibility of applying thermal methods for heavy oil recovery since plentiful heavy oil reserves and increasing demands for energy have encouraged more and more interest in the exploitation of heavy oil mostly found within thin pay zones (less than 10 m) in the world, often found in fractured carbonate reservoirs. The whole recovery of heavy oil is demanding due to its high viscosity, different Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods should be considered and implemented appropriately. The conventional thermal recovery process widely used to reduce the viscosity and increase the mobility of heavy oil includes but not limited to Cyclical Steam Stimulation (CSS) or Huff-and-Puff, in situ combustion (ISC), Steam Solvent Hybrid Steam drive process, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), Expanding Solvent-Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (ES-SAGD), Steam injection(Steam Flood) and Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) used with the intention of reducing the high oil viscosity and, as a consequence, improving phase mobility in porous media so as to obtain a more efficient drainage up to the producing well. Vapor extraction (VAPEX) has gained considerable attention because it is energy effective and environmentally friendly. Other emerging Recovery Technologies (Non-Steam) VAPEX (Vapor Extraction) inclusive are JIVE (Joint Implementation of Vapor Extraction), N-Solvent, THAI (Toe to Heel Air Injection), ET-DSP (Electro-Thermal Dynamic Stripping Process) and ESEIEH (Enhanced Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating). Thermal Recovery Technology for Heavy Oil has been successfully applied in many parts of the world like Shengli, Henan and Jilin and other heavy oil producing areas of China, and also in heavy oil producing countries of Sudan, Kazakhstan and Venezuela. Conventional thermal recovery techniques are not cost-effective for many heavy oil reservoirs, due to unnecessary heat loss through the overburden which can be reduced through non-conventional thermal methods of either; controlled heating of the pay zone by introducing heat to the reservoir in a controlled manner or Hybrid SAGD and warm VAPEX studied combining the effects of heat conduction and solvent dissolution to be discussed in the next phase of this study.
Published by: Usman Abdulkadir, Jamaludden Hashim, Mubarak Alkali, Ajay Kumar
Author: Usman Abdulkadir
Paper ID: V2I5-1177
Paper Status: published
Published: May 26, 2017
Basic Drilling Problems and Optimization by General Intensive Knowledge
Oil well drilling is a highly complex process that leads to routine drilling operational problems. A drilling problem is any occurrence or condition that stands in the way of well objectives. It could involve anything from weather to transportation delays to blowouts. This paper concentrate on problems that occur as part of the drilling process itself and possible way to reduce such problems. A comprehensive, thoroughly researched well plan is our best defense against drilling problems. In order to minimise some of these problems, an extensive study was carried out on different drilling problems cases. An important problem in drilling is hole cleaning, in which a high number of observed parameters and other features are involved. This paper aimed to determine the basic problem associated with the drilling process of poor hole cleaning and create a simplified way based on drilling literature to optimize the drilling process acording to the total drilling costs for a set of given conditions and moreover, to identify the optimal controlled variables for the drilling process. Drilling optimization involves using available resources to minimize overall cost, subject to safety and well completion requirements. Part of this, of course, entails preventing or successfully solving hole problems. Conclusively, after an extensive literature search was performed, covering the drilling process and the challenges involved. The optimization of the drilling process was analyzed separately for the active drilling operations and pipe connections and drilling trips. The result shows that many parameters are involved in the drilling process, and deviation of one factor may lead to hole cleaning issues and other problematic situations, the time spent during pipe connection- and drilling trip procedures is identified as an important factor in the optimization of the drilling process. The constraints on the bottom hole pressure and mud circulation rate were active at the optimum but removed from further analysis when the bottom hole pressure was controlled by the choke pressure, while the main mud pump flow rate was kept constant. For single measurement controlled variables, the results show that it is optimal to control the topdrive power by manipulating the drill string rotational speed, and keep the weight on bit (WOB) constant. Combination of several measurements will give a minimum loss, with an increase in the complexity of the control structure.
Published by: Jamaluddeen Hashim, Usman Abdulkadir, Mubarak Alkali, Ajay Kumar
Author: Jamaluddeen Hashim
Paper ID: V2I5-1173
Paper Status: published
Published: May 26, 2017
A Study on the Profile of Organic Cotton Farmers in Telangana
The paper mainly focuses on studying various profile characteristics of the organic cotton practicing farmers of Karimnagar district of Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh state. The variables selected to study the profile of the farmers were their personal profile (age, education, farming experience, decision-making behavior), economic status (farm size, herd size, organic inputs utilization pattern, annual income) and exposure to extension activities (training received, extension contact). The results revealed that majority of them had primary school education and fell under medium category in terms of age, farming experience, annual income, herd size, training received, decision-making behavior and extension contact. The majority of them had small farm size and high organic inputs utilization pattern. Majority (53.33%) of the organic cotton farmers belonged to middle age group, were educated up to primary school level (41.66%), had medium level of decision making behaviour (48.33%), farming experience (45.00%), small farm size (28.33%) and herd size (40.00%), used high level of organic inputs (48.33%), had medium annual income (48.33%), received medium level of trainings (50.00 %) and had medium level of extension contact (43.33%).
Published by: J V D Prasad
Author: J V D Prasad
Paper ID: V2I5-1137
Paper Status: published
Published: May 26, 2017
Climate Status of Tripura: A Tight-Rope Walking
The climate change impacts variously and viciously our earth-rising average sea level around the world, rising global temperature relative to pre industrial age, melting of polar ice, rising of CO2 level, lowering the ocean pH, changing ecosystems, reduced food security, reduced fertility of land, torrential downpours and more powerful storms, droughts and prolonged heat waves etc. Our little state of Tripura lying in the North-East part of India is also no exception from this global phenomenon. The aim of the present study is to find out the status of Tripura with special reference to temperature change, trend of average rainfall, trend of Land use and Land cover pattern, trend of ground water level of a particular area, trend of water quality of the river Howrah. The result analysis of different parameters shows that the temperatures, contamination of water are increasing day by day in Tripura. On the other hand, ground water level is in decreasing order. Such way of decreasing trend will ultimately lead to a hard forthcoming situation. The main causes of misbalance of different parameters are deforestation, urbanization, indiscriminate use of hydrocarbons, etc. This paper strongly urges each student to plant at least one plant for passing their board and university examination under the guidance of a teacher. It also invites every citizen to plant a more number of trees at river source as well as in a river bank, to stop filling of the pond, to produce more numbers of lakes, and to use bicycles instead of motor bikes.
Published by: Bilash Ch. Roy, Debaleena Pal, Avisek Chaudhuri, Dr. Sudhan Debnath
Author: Bilash Ch. Roy
Paper ID: V2I5-1165
Paper Status: published
Published: May 24, 2017
The Necessity and Best Trending Approach for Porting a Desktop Application to A RESTful Web Service
A desktop application is one that typically runs as a standalone application in laptop or on a desktop computer. It does not require internet connection availability or a web browser. They must be installed on your computer to access it. Though these desktop application provides high security, they have various disadvantages such as the same user cannot access his software from a different place, collaboration of the data between the users is difficult since the data is not centralized etc. To overcome these drawbacks, an approach is explained in the paper which builds a RESTful web service considering the already available desktop application and its basic structure. Thus, eradicating the limitations of the desktop application. REST is an acronym for “REpresentational State Transfer”. They are used to build service of the web that are lightweight, maintainable and scalable in their nature. The built service on REST architecture is known as the RESTful service and the underlying protocol for this REST is the HTTP, the basic web protocol. The approach may be followed by the developer to build a RESTful web service from scratch. The best available software are mentioned for the storing of the backend database, testing the developed methodologies, the use of following the models such as waterfall model and agile model, the architecture that the framework follows, the servers used, the hardware and software requirements for the development of the software and brief idea about the development and accessing of the front-end using the most suitable technologies.
Published by: Aishwarya N. Kumar
Author: Aishwarya N. Kumar
Paper ID: V2I5-1188
Paper Status: published
Published: May 19, 2017
Bigdata : A survey on RDBMS and various NoSQL Databases on Storing Medical Images
Bigdata is a term that describes a large volume of data, which is gaining high importance in the medical IT industry. With the increased volume of medical data in due course, effort of storing large medical data shoots up. According to the survey, about 70% of medical data consists of medical images. Every patient likes to know their medical history and storing that is a costly operation. Traditionally the medical industry stores their medical images in a system called Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) which uses the Relational database management system (RDBMS). With the advent of NoSQL databases, one can also look into this for storing and archiving their medical images. In this view, a survey on RDBMS and various NoSQL databases for storing the medical images is being documented by us in this paper.
Published by: Divya S, N Shivaprasad
Author: Divya S
Paper ID: V2I5-1156
Paper Status: published
Published: May 16, 2017
Removing Blurness in Picode using Enhanced Modulation
The appearance of a conventional 2D barcode pattern is often too obtrusive for integrating into an aesthetically designed advertisement. This is because of the fact that they didn’t provide perceptual quality and decoding robustness of the encoded images. Besides, no human readable information is provided before the barcode is successfully decoded. There proposes a new picture-embedding 2D barcode, called PiCode, which mitigates these two limitations by equipping a scannable 2D barcode with a picturesque appearance. PiCode is designed with careful considerations on both the perceptual quality of the embedded image and the decoding robustness of the encoded message. Comparisons with existing beautified 2D barcodes show that PiCode achieves one of the best perceptual quality for the embedded image, and maintains a better trade-off between image quality and decoding robustness in various application conditions. The generation of PiCode thus enhances the customers to scan the code using their mobile phones inorder to retrieve the data that carries behind them.
Published by: Greeshma G. S, Dr. Noble Mary Juliet .A
Author: Greeshma G. S
Paper ID: V2I5-1144
Paper Status: published
Published: May 16, 2017
Monitoring Control Delay And Cost Implication Using Threshold Feature Of Primavera
Tracking & monitoring is a regular process for any construction project to evaluate planned v/s actual progress deviation. Where the baselines are used as a reference to check the above. In this project the delay is primarily taken as the main focus of study and the corresponding cost implication is evaluated. Threshold features in Primavera is used for around 5 parameters in the project (Start Date Variance (Days), Finish Date Variance (Days), Schedule Variance (SV) , Cost Variance (CV) and Accounting Variance (AV) ) which will govern the progress, as well as cost .The threshold feature in Primavera helps the project manager to monitor the tracking parameters precisely by giving range of input values. This feature most widely used in large projects with different tracking units. The benefit of threshold feature in this project helps in controlling the delay with respect to a review date so as to prevent the stretching of project duration.
Published by: Sowmyashree A, Dr. S Rajendra, Swetha K S
Author: Sowmyashree A
Paper ID: V2I5-1170
Paper Status: published
Published: May 12, 2017
A Survey on Software Component Restructuring
Component based software development is the reuse of the existing software. By reusing the component have cheaper cost, better quality, improved performance. The reusable component performs better than existing software. It provides a standardized system. But finding components for efficient software reuse is one of the important problems identified by researchers as well as artefacts which constitute a software system. Many researches have also been done in improving cohesion and reducing coupling for source code and to recover software architecture in reverse engineering process, grouping of component is done. The objective of our paper is to improve design and to examine numerical clustering techniques and implement these techniques for different software applications. Different clustering techniques for component reuse and program restructuring are hierarchical clustering, density based clustering,SOM.
Published by: Shreya Jaiswal, Ms. Satya Verma
Author: Shreya Jaiswal
Paper ID: V2I5-1158
Paper Status: published
Published: May 9, 2017
Challenges in PVD Technique (Thin film Formation by Thermal Evaporation)
Among the outstanding achievements of Science and Technology in the 21st century, thin films occupy by right a major position. The earliest first Thin Film was made by Faraday paved the way for the development of Thin film Technology. Today, Thin Film and Thin Film Systems find wide use in many fields of Science and Technology. They are employed in Electronic Systems, Communication Systems, Computer Technology, Navigation Equipment’s, Robotics, Instrumentation and Controlling Systems and in Complicated Technological Process etc., due to the specific properties of the low dimensional materials.
Published by: Dr. Pelluri Rahi
Author: Dr. Pelluri Rahi
Paper ID: V2I5-1155
Paper Status: published
Published: May 9, 2017