Optimization and Improvement of Plastic Decoration using Chrome Plating Process
This paper mainly deals with the performance requirement for chrome plating plastic components. These days, decorative parts have taken a big space in the market and specifically in automobile market; chrome plating over the plastic has replaced decorative steel chrome plated parts. Therefore the performance of metal layer with the plastic substrate is an important factor. In spite of various researches on adhesion of metal layer with plastic and problem of early corrosion of chrome plating layer, there is a lot of scope for improvement. Decorative chrome plating involves the electroplating of nickel on the object which is followed by chrome plating layer. In most of the cases, first copper plating is performed on the substrate. Nickel plating is performed over the copper plating and the chrome layer comes over the nickel layer which is the topmost layer of electroplating. Nickel plating provides smooth surface finish and good corrosion resistance. Chrome plating layer gives the decorative finish to the part. The chrome plating is a very thin layer. The metal plating and zinc coatings have been replaced with the plastic chrome plating. The increasing demand for plastic chrome plating is due to following reasons: • Plastics can be molded into any shape and design by injection molding process which is performed in a hard tool called mold. • Being light in weight, Plastics chrome plating parts are used for automobiles. It reduces the weight of vehicle and vehicle requires lesser torque to move. It increases the fuel performance. Processing of plastic material is very easy. Part of any shape and design can be molded and then chrome plated to give it good aesthetic appearance A decorative chrome plated surface, such as monograms, grills and wheel rims are actually the effects of the chrome plating. These are manufactured by a critical manufacturing process of electroplating. Plastic components can be chrome plated from various chemical tanks of Acid, Copper, Nickel, and Chrome. Electroplating process has lot variables which sometimes result in poor adhesion of plating layer and poor corrosion resistance. Experts have been continuously working over to improve the plating adhesion, corrosion resistance life and to control rejections. Over the years, the chrome plating manufacturing process has been upgraded. In spite of these improvements, a very good process control and quality of plastic base material are required. In this paperwork and experiments on injection molding process parameters, mold design and role of plating thickness to improve thermal cracks will be covered. Tool design section has also considered improving the adhesion of metal layer with the plastic substrate. In this paper, the thickness of metal layer has also considered improving its adhesion with the substrate. This paper also covers the research on the factors to improve another failure mode of corrosion over the chrome plating surface. Research factor such as micropore and a potential difference of nickel layers has also been taken into consideration.
Published by: Manoj Kumar
Author: Manoj Kumar
Paper ID: V3I2-1152
Paper Status: published
Published: February 8, 2018
Estimating Flexible Pavements Flood Resilience
Although several studies observed pavement responses after flooding, no detailed quantification has been done to date. This paper has estimated different pavements’ performances with flooding to identify flood-resilient roads. This was shown through, new roughness and rutting-based road deterioration (RD) models, The relationship between changes in roughness [International Roughness Index (IRI)] versus time and modulus of resilience (Mr) loss at granular and sub grade layers versus time, CBR of Sub grade, Flood consequence results. The comparative analysis on different pavement performances shows that a rigid and strong pavement built to a high standard is the most flood-resilient, which may be adopted as a pre flood strategy. Results obtained using two proposed new gradients of IRI & CBR in Year 1 over probability of flooding and ΔIRI in Year 1 over loss in Mr as well as flood consequences provided similar results. Road authorities should consider changing their roads to flood-resilient pavements in the future.
Published by: A. V Hankare, P. B Sankpal, V. M Kumbhar, V. B Patil
Author: A. V Hankare
Paper ID: V3I2-1156
Paper Status: published
Published: February 7, 2018
A Descriptive Study of Awareness and Practices of Reproductive Aged Women about Prevention of Breast Cancer in Selected Villages of District Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh
Breast cancer is a group of malignant disease that commonly occurs in the female breast and infrequently in the male breast. About 25-30% of breast cancer cases are detected among women below 40 years. The average age recognized nationally is 41 to 50 years. At least 10 to 11 percent of cases of cancer in women in Himachal Pradesh are breast cancer. The objectives of the study were to assess level of awareness and practices followed by women to prevent breast cancer, to associate the awareness score with selected demographic variables and to correlate the awareness score with practices followed by women to prevent breast cancer. METHODS: Quantitative descriptive study was carried out in selected villages of District Sirmour, HP. Using non-probability convenience sampling, 200 women between the age group of 25-40 years were selected from selected areas. Subjects were interviewed using structured questionnaire regarding the prevention of breast cancer and practices followed to prevent breast cancer. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 15 in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The result shows more than half (57.5% ) of the samples were having moderate awareness about prevention of breast cancer and only 8.0% were having good awareness whereas 34.5% were not having any awareness about prevention of breast cancer. The Mean score of awareness was 7 with a standard deviation of 2.745. Only 10.5% samples were following good practices for the prevention of breast cancer whereas 81.5% were following moderate practices and only 16(8.0%) were having poor practices about the prevention of breast cancer. There was association between awareness and variables( education, occupation and parity) and no correlation was found in between awareness and practices about prevention of breast cancer CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Intensive educational campaigns to tackle the observed educational deficits should be planned in order to raise awareness towards breast cancer, its risk factors with emphasis on role of prevention and guidelines for screening through self -breast examination, clinical breast examination and mammography.
Published by: Sangeeta Sharma, Ranjeet Kour
Author: Sangeeta Sharma
Paper ID: V3I2-1154
Paper Status: published
Published: February 7, 2018
A Case of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of Inguinal Lymph Node: On True Cut Biopsy
Introduction: Lymphomas are solid tumors of the immune system. Hodgkin's lymphoma accounts for about 10% of all lymphomas, and the remaining 90% are referred to as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas have a wide range of histological appearances and clinical features at presentation, which can make diagnosis difficult. Case report: A 60-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of swelling in the bilateral inguinal region since 8 months associated with a headache. On examination, multiple enlarged superficial groups of lymph nodes noted bilaterally measuring 57x36 mm on the right side and 50x32 cm on left side. Radiological findings are suggestive of bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. A core gun biopsy was done and sent for histomorphological examination. Histomorphologically non-Hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed and confirmed by performing different IHC markers. Discussion: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma symptoms may include: Swollen lymph nodes in neck, armpits or groin, abdominal pain or swelling, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma generally involves the presence of cancerous lymphocytes most commonly in lymph nodes. In this particular case diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is given on core gun biopsy specimen instead of an excised lymph node specimen. Conclusion: An adequate core gun biopsy specimen is sufficient for making a diagnosis of cancer like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Published by: Nikita Bansal, Dr. Jasmin Jasani
Author: Nikita Bansal
Paper ID: V3I2-1139
Paper Status: published
Published: February 6, 2018
Analysis of LWT-SVD Domain Based Digital Image Watermarking Technique
In This paper presents blind digital image watermarking technique to achieve copyright protection. In order to protect copyright material from illegal duplication, various technologies have been developed, like key-based cryptographic technique, digital watermarking etc. In digital watermarking, a signature or copyright message is secretly embedded in the image by using an algorithm. In This paper, implement that algorithm of digital watermarking by combining both LWT and SVD techniques. Initially, we decompose the original (cover) image into using LWT, and then apply the SVD on each band by modifying their singular values. After subjecting the watermarked image to various attacks like blurring, adding noise, pixilation, rotation, rescaling, contrast adjustment, gamma correction, histogram equalization, cropping, sharpening, lossless compression etc, we extract the originally inserted watermark image from all the bands and compare them on the basis of their MSE and PSNR values. In experimental results if we perform modification in all frequencies, then it will make our watermarked image more resistant to a wide range of image-processing attacks (including common geometric attacks).
Published by: Sultana Bano, Anugrah Srivastava
Author: Sultana Bano
Paper ID: V3I2-1146
Paper Status: published
Published: February 6, 2018
Environmental Impact Assessment on Navi Mumbai Airport
The paper examines the environmental impacts of new airport construction at Navi Mumbai. There are different types of environmental impact assessment that can be environmental, that can be social or that can be economical in nature. The main environmental impacts of airports growth are noise and air quality. There are different types of devices like sound level meter were used to record both noise and air quality. This paper covers the main two environmental impacts of an airport i.e. 1) noise & 2) air quality. The findings suggested that the construction and land use for the new proposed airport has a significant relation with the noise & particulate matter (PM) levels too. The PM level at the surrounding living area should not be above than the recommended levels. The findings of the study are hoped to assist in providing better benefits of the proposed Navi Mumbai airport within affordable cost. The construction of Navi Mumbai airport system helped to increase the accessibility & mobility of users. This paper also reports the study of passenger behavior while moving in the interchange facility. So the paper finally describes all different types of environmental impact that can be harmful to people by the new construction of any airport.
Published by: Pranita R. Kale , Kajal S. Jadhav, Sumit H. Dhoke, P. J Salunke
Author: Pranita R. Kale
Paper ID: V3I2-1137
Paper Status: published
Published: February 6, 2018
The Economic Effect of Suicide on South Korea
There are only a few articles available online which give you a comprehensive presentation of the factors involved in people committing suicide in South Korea and how these factors consequently become a hindrance in terms of full growth potential of the economy. Various studies talk about why people in South Korea commit suicide, the rate of growth in the number of suicides and also the various dimensions of socio-economic, cultural, age stratification and other aspects leading to suicide among different categories of people but none talk about the chronological events leading to the increase in the number of people taking their own lives, the reasons behind their appalling action of deliberate killing of the self and the subsequent impact of this on the families and loved ones of those who died and also the costs it bears on the nation and its economy as a whole all in one place. The aim of this article, therefore, is to explore the sequence, rate, reasons and the ultimate effect of suicide on the South Korean economy in the last few decades with increased focus surrounding the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis which was a major drawback for South Korea: The Land of the Morning Calm.
Published by: Dhruv Garg, Rithik Kothari
Author: Dhruv Garg
Paper ID: V3I2-1143
Paper Status: published
Published: February 6, 2018
A Conceptual Paper on the Marketing Mix of ‘Maruti Suzuki’
Maruti Suzuki is the largest automobile company currently in India. It has the majority of the market share in the country as it is known for providing value for money cars alongside being an Indian company. Maruti 800 was the star product of Maruti as it was there in the Indian market for more than 30 years. Maruti was the first to identify the need of small and affordable cars in India. It correctly analyses the Indian market and provides quality care to the people in the country.
Published by: Vaibhav Badhan, Priyam Modi, Sakshi Dodrajka
Author: Vaibhav Badhan
Paper ID: V3I2-1144
Paper Status: published
Published: February 5, 2018
Catastrophic Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment of Barvi Dam
This is an idea of learning and understanding the effects and results of constructing a Dam in the path of any existing natural water resource. This format already consists of most of the possible harms created by a man-made structure, we are focusing on the harms mostly becomes the benefits are already very well known. Further renowned researchers like Bhaise Sanjay Devides, Sir Soderbaum, Sir Snow, Sir Michael Webber, Sir Snow etc. did magnificent jobs in considering drawbacks and partly made efforts for the betterment of the rehabilitated society. Their hard work for making the lives of the rehabilitated societies full of harmony again was the main reason why they have a special mention and respect. Our topic further has the following important points. The EA process found the major benefits of the project and the sponsors to be followed: ·EIA reduces the actual cost and time of project implementation so as to have a better efficiency. ·EIA methods can make cost-saving modifications in the project design thus they can help in the project designing of the project as to have a better clearance of the untitled work. ·EIA increases project acceptance and thus, guides in a proper manner for the future better understanding of the project. ·The processes making should not harm the surrounding area and environment because of this process is avoiding the variation between lows and regulation as well as its avoid the impact. ·EIA improves project performance so that the further carried out work is to be done on the past basis or the assumptions which are to be taken in proper order so as to have a better evaluation work. EIA avoids treatment/clean costs which in turn helps us to make the project environmentally clean.
Published by: Poonam Kashinath Supe, Omkar Jayendra Tarphe, Rahul M. Sonar, P. J. Salunke
Author: Poonam Kashinath Supe
Paper ID: V3I1-1213
Paper Status: published
Published: January 31, 2018
Evaluation of Association of Cord Blood Fluoride Levels with Visible Congenital Anomalies in Newborns
Studies have suggested that fluoride might be associated with alteration in reproductive hormone levels, infertility, Down's syndrome, increased rate of congenital anomalies and cancers. There is an increased concentration of congenital anomalies in north-west India, however, no studies are available regarding the possible association with fluoride. In the present study, serum fluoride levels were explored in cord blood of newborns with visible congenital anomalies (n=30) and in healthy newborns (n=30). The detailed history of present pregnancy, the status of the baby (birth order, previous stillbirth, details of defects and handicaps), nutritional status of parents (deficiency, if any), history of pesticides or heavy metal exposure of parents, history of use of any medication (prior or during pregnancy). Detailed examination of babies, in terms of site of the defect, the neurological deficit was also recorded. Five mL cord blood was collected from the placental end of the umbilical cord after delivery of baby and serum was separated and routine biochemistry investigation was performed by autoanalyzer. Serum fluoride levels were analyzed by ISE in cord blood of both the groups. In the present study, cord blood fluoride levels were higher in babies with congenital anomalies as compared to healthy controls. Fluoride crosses the placenta and gets incorporated into tissues of developing conceptus. Chronic exposure to high fluoride levels may produce harmful effects on developing fetus especially brain and heart, thyroid and increased future risk of cancer. Thus, findings of the present study suggest that fluoride in pollution exposures (agricultural and industrial) in this region might be a causative factor in congenital anomalies in this region.
Published by: Dr. Abhra Ghosh, Dr. Simmi Kharb, Dr. Smiti Nanda
Author: Dr. Abhra Ghosh
Paper ID: V3I1-1162
Paper Status: published
Published: January 31, 2018