Economic and feasibility studies using an optimal control approach for enhanced oil recovery investment project
Current harsh economic conditions, scarcity of natural resources and high market competition causes the emphasis on performing at higher efficiency rates. A feasibility study is a tool for investigating the viability of the prospective projects. This paper proposes an optimal control approach for enhanced oil recovery investment project, to maximize the profit using the net present value (NPV) method. The present work discusses the operational, economic and financial feasibility studies used to assess the overall viability for the prospective project. The model is applied to a project being conducted by Egyptian petroleum research institute (EPRI) and the academy for scientific research and technology (ASRT). The total project budget is 20 million L.E. The costs are shared equally by EPRI and ASRT. The project financier is ASRT. The results shown that the proposed approach is accurate and given exact solutions.
Published by: H. M. Zaher, A. M. Al-Sabagh, M. A. Abo Shady
Author: H. M. Zaher
Paper ID: V3I9-1167
Paper Status: published
Published: September 12, 2018
Drug utilization study in patients with acute respiratory tract infections at a tertiary care hospital in Bhimavaram, India
Our study was aimed to focus on the trends in the drug utilization in acute respiratory tract infections and also to analyze the current prescription patterns of drugs used in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections. A prospective observational study conducted in both in-patient and out-patient department of tertiary care hospitals. The institutional ethical committee of Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy authorized this observational study. After obtaining verbal consent, patient demographics and drugs prescribed data were collected and analyzed. Along with this interaction with the patient was also done whenever required. Data obtained was analyzed using Sigma Graphed prism and Microsoft excel. A total of 150 patients were observed in our study. Of which, males were 54.6% and females were 45.4%. When the patients were classified according to age, children contributed for 4%, adolescents were 15.3, adults were 69.3%, elderly were 11.3% of the total population. Drug utilization of antibiotics can be observed by determining the PDD values of those drugs. PDD is greater than DDD for drugs Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Cefpodoximeproxetil, Linezolid. PDD is less than DDD for drugs Amoxicillin and Azithromycin. PDD is equal to DDD for drugs Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin and Cefixime. Drug consumption value is determined by DDD/1000 inhabitants/day value. The value of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day is high (0.805) for Levofloxacin, followed by Cefpodoximeproxetil (0.177) and is low for Ofloxacin (0.007). In this project, we observed how the drugs are utilized by the physician. Antibiotics are most commonly prescribed for these ARTI’s. Symptomatic relief is preferred in these patients by prescribing antihistamines, antipyretics and analgesics, bronchodilators, Cold and Cough combinations. From this study, it is evident that antibiotics were commonly prescribed in the patients of URTI and is a matter of concern. The highest value of 0.805 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day was accounted for Levofloxacin indicating that it was the popular drug of choice as a broad spectrum antibiotic, followed by Cefpodoximeproxetil with the value of 0.177 DDD/1000 inhabitants /day. Most commonly used antibiotic was Levofloxacin followed by Cefpodoximeproxetil. Prescribing by generic names has to be encouraged.
Published by: Gogineni Vinutna, Mallela Babji, Reshma Namburi, Raj Kumari
Author: Gogineni Vinutna
Paper ID: V3I9-1160
Paper Status: published
Published: September 11, 2018
Strengthening and drainage of flexible pavements
Pavement should be strong enough to resist the external stresses and to distribute the external load and transfer the load through different layers to subgrade and the drainage system of roads should be good enough to discharge the rainwater as quickly as possible. The study highlights the need for strengthening of pavement and ways to improve the drainage system for the road pavement of Raipurrani to Naraingarh which is a part of state highway (SH-01) in Haryana state. This study also includes the collection of required field data like existing pavement structure, traffic data, pavement surface condition and rebound deflection by using Benkelman Beam Deflection (BBD) technique and finally on the basis of data analysis design for overlay has been discussed for the pavement. It also includes the drainage condition of the road length and need for improvement in the drainage system for a particular flexible pavement. The surface drainage system is discussed in this study, as it includes the interception and disposal of runoff water from the surface as well as subgrade.
Published by: Sachin Raina, Dr. Rakesh Gupta
Author: Sachin Raina
Paper ID: V3I9-1158
Paper Status: published
Published: September 8, 2018
The academic stress and adjustment for gender difference in adolescence, a case study of CBSE schools in urban and rural area of Manipur
An article in this paper is made to review the literature on the academic stress and adjustment on gender difference of adolescence students. The review points out about the stress and its coping techniques ( adjustment), its causal factor of stress like disturbed family, peer pressure, drug abuse, competition, inadequate studies and the problem related to stress academically of gender differences The academic stress is the most affected stress among the students of post-adolescents. The academic stress leads to weak academic performance and weak in mental health due to academic stress. The necessary to cope up with the stress in adolescents became mandatory to save the future of every nation. The objective of the study, is to study the causal factor of stress among the adolescence student of gender wise male and female, to study the impact of stress on the academic performance and mental health of the adolescents students of gender difference, to study the coping techniques of adjustment among the adolescent students of gender difference and to analyse the level of stress and adjustment experienced by adolescents male and female studying in the CBSE schools. Thus, in order to adjust with the stress various adjustment techniques should be given to students as well as parents, social support and motivation should adopt for the welfare of future pillar of every nation.
Published by: Kshetrimayum Sajina Devi
Author: Kshetrimayum Sajina Devi
Paper ID: V3I9-1145
Paper Status: published
Published: September 7, 2018
Shades of mind
To know the personalities of the people around us so that we can be connected to good relationships which are very crucial to our happiness. DOPE is a self-assessment tool that enables a person to identify his unique and distinctive traits that clarify his personality and innermost being. Knowing the personality style of those around us helps us to partner better with them because we can see how they have a different perspective, strategy, and preference than us.
Published by: Dr. Gayathri B J
Author: Dr. Gayathri B J
Paper ID: V3I9-1137
Paper Status: published
Published: September 7, 2018
A study to assess the effectiveness of Buerger Allen exercise on lower extremity perfusion among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital in Chennai
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by an increased level of glucose in the blood resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes mellitus has increased the risk of peripheral vascular diseases by causing endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction in peripheral arteries. The risk of developing lower extremity peripheral vascular disease is proportional to the severity and duration of diabetes. Most of the complications are preventable. It requires a lifelong commitment to staying healthy, maintaining weight, exercising, taking medications, as prescribed by the doctor. The research approach was the quantitative approach. The true experimental research design was used.60 samples were selected using non-probability purposive sampling technique.30 patients in the experimental group and 30 patients in the control group. Pre-test used to assess the demographic variable and Angle Brachial Index scale for both groups. After the intervention, the post-test was done on the sixth day by using the same scale. The data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics and chi-square was used for inferential statistics. And paired t-test was done.
Published by: Bhuvaneshwari S, Tamilselvi S
Author: Bhuvaneshwari S
Paper ID: V3I9-1148
Paper Status: published
Published: September 4, 2018
A comparative cross-sectional study on the level of empathy between the freshmen to senior undergraduate student nurses
Appropriate communication is one of the important aspects of the nursing profession and it is a most challenging task. Among the therapeutic communication techniques, empathy plays a major role that helps nurses to understand and provide care to the client. Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person experiencing from within their frame of reference that is the capacity to place oneself in another’s position. The study design adopted was a comparative cross-sectional design. Total Eighty students were enrolled 20 each from the freshmen to Senior undergraduate student nurses participated in the study. Tools used were Demographic data and Jefferson Scale of Empathy. Majority of the student nurses posses above the average level of empathy. High level of Empathy was found high in the sophomore. The average level of empathy was majorly noted among the Freshmen and 1 of the Senior students only. The comparison between the Freshmen to Senior students showed that overall the sophomores (second year) were possessing a high level of empathy. Comparatively, Seniors (Fourth year) students have lower empathy than the Sophomore and the juniors but higher than the Freshman. Whereas, the Freshmen’s were found to have lower empathy than the other three group of students. In the present scenario empathy is an essential skill expected of all the nurses. Improving the empathetical attitude and skills is very much necessary.
Published by: N. T. Aruna Devi, Anju Annie Eapen, L. S. S. Manickam
Author: N. T. Aruna Devi
Paper ID: V3I9-1141
Paper Status: published
Published: September 3, 2018
A study of Venous Thromboembolism in acutely ill medical patients admitted in tertiary care hospital
Background Each year millions of patients experience venous thromboembolic events. Due to significant morbidity and mortality associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), prevention is critical. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is an unfortunate and potentially life-threatening condition as it can lead to fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). The objective we tried to determine the frequency of VTE in acutely ill medical patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital. The role of VTE prophylaxis, in the outcome of the acutely ill medical patient, admitted to the same hospital and to evaluate the safety profile of LMWH (Enoxaparin) administered for a period of 07-14 days or more if clinically indicated. Design and Participants. This study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital during the period 1 Jun 2017 to 30 Jun 2018. The study included 314 consecutive patients. These patients were admitted for acute medical illness were given thromboprophylaxis for 7-14 days or more. Key results Out of 314 patients who underwent thromboprophylaxis in our study, the frequency of VTE in patients of acute medical illness was 1.27 % in the prospective arm (thromboprophylaxis group) and sub-group analysis revealed higher frequency VTE in patients suffering from Acute Infection (Sepsis) as compared to various other co-morbid medical conditions. The frequency of VTE in patients of acute medical illness in the retrospective group of patients in whom thromboprophylaxis was not given was 3.5 % (p-value= 0.018). Conclusion Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH (Enoxaparin) for acutely ill medical illnesses was safe and effective. Thromboprophylaxis with LMWH (Enoxaparin) had significantly reduced the frequency of VTE in patients suffering from acute medical illness.
Published by: Munish Sharma, Anupam Pandit
Author: Munish Sharma
Paper ID: V3I9-1143
Paper Status: published
Published: September 3, 2018
Better strategy to preventive maintenance programs is always not bitter for execution of facility management tasks (Property management)
A well planned preventive maintenance programs lead to diminishing the numbers of the reactive maintenance tasks, and it helps to maintain satisfactory equipment conditions and improve property reliability. It is the duty of a Facility manager to plan better Preventive programs through creates a register of all assets and groups it into systems and subsystems. Further the facility manager who schedules the assets by the degree of importance or critically after analyzing the cost of performance life cycle of all assets including replacement cost based on their priority. For analyzing key performance indicators (KPI) to know the performance of his squad, the facility manager must prepare preventive maintenance checklist after getting the best advice for his routine inspections and examinations of all site tools. A better flexibility strategy principle, which stretches best, planned a preventive program that helps to get good results for a facility manager. And for organizing preventive maintenance plan, it needs to have right people on the board with the plan include top management, Facility manager, experienced Supervisors, technicians, and any other staffs who understand the system operates including people from data processing, accounting, craftsman because the Facility manager is specialist rather than a generalist. Training to technicians is to operate the CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management system) unavoidable because it gives technicians the freedom to focus less on paperwork and more– on maintenance. A well systematized planned preventive maintenance programs determine the aptitude of a facility manager and his respective site with the prominence of his company.
Published by: S. Mohan
Author: S. Mohan
Paper ID: V3I8-1169
Paper Status: published
Published: August 31, 2018
Pre-and-post-donation hematological values in healthy donors undergoing plateletpheresis with fresenius.com.tec
The present prospective study was carried out in the department of transfusion medicine Forties Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi from Sep. 2011 to Feb 2012.the study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the effect of automated donation by fresenius.com.tec on the haematological values (HB, PLT count, WBC count, PDW,MPV) pre and post donation and to further evaluate the efficiency of platelet collection by fresenius.com.tec in terms of processing time, platelet yield, type of procedure(SN and DN)and ACD used. A total of 240 donors were subjected for apheresis out of these 229 are male donor and 11 were the female donors and 71 donors were subjected to the donation by SN procedure and 169 underwent donation by DN procedure. Majority of the donor (87%) was between the age group 18-40 years very few donors were (13%) observed between the age group of 41-60 years of age. Total of 240 donors were subjected for apheresis out of them 229 male (95%) donor and very few (5%) are the female donors. A total of 240 donors were subjected for apheresis out of them 71 underwent SN apheresis and 169 were subjected DN apheresis procedure. Majority of the donor (70.42%) underwent DN procedure. The majority of the donors were male in DN (99.41%) and in SN (85.92%) the female donor population was an (0.59%) in DN procedure and ( 14.08%) in SN procedure as inferred from above data the majority of donor for PHPL were male the percentage of female donor were a little more in SN procedure (14.08%) as compared to DN procedure. The mean platelet count before apheresis was 246 lac/ɥL with the range of 144-478 lac/ɥL and the mean platelet count after apheresis 172 lac/ɥL with the range of 53-367 lac/ɥL. The mean value of platelet count dropped significantly in post-donation. Similarly the mean Hb level before apheresis was 15 g/dl with the range of 12.5-20.9 g/dl and after apheresis 14 g/dl with the range of 10.2-19.5 g/dl the mean value of Hb dropped marginally in post-donation and the mean WBC count before the apheresis is 8 X 10³ /mm³ with the range of 3.9-15.1 X 10³ /mm³ and after apheresis it is 7 X 10³ /mm³ with the range of 3.8-15 X 10³ /mm³. There was no change in PDW and MPV before and after the apheresis. In SN procedure the mean platelet count pre-donation was 241.52 lac/ɥL with a range of 152-478 lac/ɥL the mean platelet count post donation was 169.59 lac/ɥL with a range 71-335 lac/ɥL the mean platelet count in DN procedure pre-donation was 247.88 lac/ɥL with range of 144-448 lac/ɥL and post-donation 173.50 lac/ɥL with range of 53-367 lac/ɥL the mean platelet count dropped significantly following apheresis procedure the mean platelet count between either of the procedure was not significantly different. In SN procedure the mean Hb pre-donation was 14.67 g/dl with range of 12.5-18.4 g/dl the mean Hb post donation was 14.7 with range of 10.2 - 18.2 g/dl the mean Hb in DN procedure pre-donation was 15.6 g/dl with range of 12.5 - 20.9 g/dl and in post donation was 14.6 g/dl with range of 12 - 19.5 g/dl the mean Hb dropped significantly following apheresis procedure the mean Hb level in either of procedure was not significantly different. After each procedure, there was no change in WBC count, PDW and MPV. Meantime taken in the procedure performed by SN was 86.48 min and in DN procedure it was 69.12 min. The product yield in SN was 3.10lac/ɥL and in DN it was 3.13 lac/ɥL and the difference of final product count is 8.85 lac/ɥL in SN and 8.95 lac/ɥL in DN according to mean values. The product yield, final product count, and time taken by DN procedure were comparatively better than with SN procedure. The volume of ACD used varied from one procedure to another in the procedure performed on fresenius.com.tec it ranged from 220ml to 460ml with the mean of 306 ml. The volume of mean ACD used by SN procedure was 324.87 ml with a range of 210 - 460 ml. The mean ACD volume used in DN procedure was 297.75 ml with a range of (210 - 410ml). The mean ACD volume used was lesser in DN procedure when compared to the SN procedure. The comparison of overall pre-donation means platelet count with mean platelet yield was carried out and student t-test was applied to ascertain the significance of value the p-value of 0.060 was not significant. The overall mean value of various parameter of the present study were analysed and to ascertain the significance of the value the student t-test was applied and out of all the parameter the time taken in the procedure was found to be significant p-value was <0.000 and ACD volume used was also found to be significant were p-value is <0.001. During a total span of six months of study period donation was performed on 240 donors and 35 were temporarily deferred and 09 were permanently deferred for various reasons and the most common cause for donor defer for donation in present study was platelet count below 1.5 lac/ɥL (10 deferred), Hb value below 12.5g/dl. On critical analysis of data following facts emerged:- 1. On critical analysis of data that apheresis donor with low normal pre-procedure platelet count 150 – 200 X 10⁹ /L and Hb concentrate 12.5-13 g/dl should be examined for post-donation drops in these haematological parameters. 2. The donor with significant decrements should be reviewed to screen them from a future donor so to avoid iatrogenic anemia and thrombocytopenia. 3. A comprehensive prospective study on this aspect is required to establish the guidelines for donor safety in apheresis and also in assessing donor suitability. Especially with the double product apheresis collection. 4. This information can be a value an establishing post donation range which could be utilised when reviewing the suitability of donors for subsequent donation. 5. Haematological parameters should be monitored carefully in donor when are undergo long-term regular apheresis.
Published by: Vikas Tiwari, Ayush Negi
Author: Vikas Tiwari
Paper ID: V3I8-1172
Paper Status: published
Published: August 31, 2018