India is a versatile emporium of medicinal plants and aromatic plants. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases in Cuddalore district was studied. The main data was collected by a series of informal interviews and general conversation administered by the traditional medical practitioners. Results: A number of hundred and thirty-one (131) plant species belonging to 113 genera from 55 families were described as being traditionally used for the treatment of diseases. From the study, plant species could be considered as a promising source for further scientific validation in the search for new, effective and affordable drugs. This report represents a useful long lasting document, which can contribute to preserve knowledge on the use of medicinal plants in this region and also stimulate the interest of future generation on traditional healing practices.